As I have travelled around Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s Turkey these past few weeks, covering the lead-up to and aftermath of last weekend’s presidential election, I have been continually reminded of the last country in which I undertook such a project. In 2012, I travelled from Vladivostok to Moscow in the lead-up to Vladimir Putin’s pre-ordained return to the Russian presidency. Turkey and Russia, a friend and former Istanbul resident recently told me, are like twins separated at birth. For all their self-evident differences—the relative availability of alcohol springs to this correspondent’s mind—the countries are startlingly similar.
Both were born in the crucible of World War One and both are arguably still struggling with the repercussions of that event. Russia spent the decades that followed the war under the thumb of a repressive single-party regime while Turkey inched towards multi-party democracy under the constant threat of military takeover and junta rule. Both experienced coups or coup attempts as recently as the 1990s, both have been scarred by long-running armed conflicts with insurgents from ethnic minority communities—the Chechens in Russia and the Kurds in Turkey—and both have struggled with the phenomenon of the “deep state”, brought to heel in both cases, if not entirely done away with, with the emergence of domineering authoritarian strongmen whose most important political skill, aside from winning votes, has been the ability to juggle competing interests within the upper echelons of the elite. Most importantly, both are relatively young democracies with all the tell-tale pathologies of their type.
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